Gandhian Global Harmony Association (GGHA)

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Peace Science Primer (PSP)

Covers: https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1264

Dedications Gallery: https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1265

Chapter 1: https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1266

Chapter 2: https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1268

Chapter 3: https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1272

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Chapter 4.

Spheral way of Scientific Thinking in the Cognition Evolution.

Conscious Path of Perpetual Peace for Full Security

Publication:

In English: https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1273

In Russian: https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=ru_c&key=1125

“We should require [seek, create] a substantially new manner of thinking

if mankind is to survive."

Albert Einstein

In Chapter 2, the fact of substantial inaccessibility and impossibility of knowing perpetual planetary peace in narrow, disciplinary thinking (DT), into which it, due to its fragmentation and fragmentariness does not fit, like God, was revealed and substantiated. This proves the absence in DT of any holistic scientific knowledge about peace, which both its 75 thousand disciplinary sciences and all its academies and encyclopedias have been deprived of for almost three thousand years of its existence. The main conclusion about DT: its disciplinary “many knowledge”, o­n Heraclitus, of many parts “does not teach mind”, thinking and knowledge of its holistic, perpetual planetary peace that turns out to be threatening the humanity survival in the nuclear civilization (NC), which has shackled it in the inevitable MAD nuclear shackles for 80 years since 1945. The DT substantial narrowness makes it fundamentally and deeply militaristic that is proven by its entire history over thousands of years.

Chapter 3 revealed and substantiated the fact of the spheral, holistic substantial essence of perpetual peace, conditioned by the spontaneous, natural harmony of all fundamental natural spheres of our planet. The substantial spheres harmony, determined by the ENSS planetary law excludes war and violence between them, which constitute o­nly a temporary, local and transient social pathology of some militaristic epochs and civilizations in the humanity history.

This chapter is devoted to disclosure the structural essence and key attributes of the "substantially new", holistic spheral thinking (HST). It turns out to be the o­nly adequate o­ne in its integrity of spheral substantiality for understanding and scientific knowledge of the humanity perpetual peace in an inseparable synergistic unity with religious faith in its culture. Perpetual peace is embodied in its still unknown, spontaneous social actors (spherons) and will be embodied in their spheral, peace-loving organization consciously, according to the peace science, in all social institutions inaccessible to the militaristic DT and all its social institutions.

Since this chapter in our Primer begins the implementation of Einstein’s historical testament “to require [to seek, to create] a substantially new manner of thinking” for the “humanity survival”, as its actual categorical imperative, without any deviation from it in the form of “if it wants”.

1. FACT-7. Evolution of the Thinking Ways

The impossibility of knowing perpetual peace in the sectoral DT, which, at best, has access o­nly to its separate and disparate "peace researches", the knowledge of which does not teach to the peace mind as a whole, raises the question of the thinking ways evolution and determining that from them is possible for it. This question formulation immediately rejects the common and false opinion about DT as the highest level of human intellect. No, in reality this is not so at all, which is supported by many facts, of which we have mentioned o­nly a few.

The evolution of thinking is evidenced by many facts and scientific studies, for example, the concept of the birth of DM from mythological thinking in the process of a long, at least 6 centuries (8-2 centuries BC), as a result of the "first axial age", put forward by Karl Jaspers. He did not reject the possibility of the "second axial age", i.e. the birth of a new thinking way from DT. Our Primer this chapter is dedicated to it.

In disciplinary science (DS), three qualitatively different historical modes/ways of human thinking in their epistemological substances have long been known and studied: primitive, mythological and scientific, DM, to which thousands of studies are devoted. This evolution proves that scientific branch thinking is far from being the pinnacle, not the ceiling and not the highest in its abilities and possibilities path of thinking, knowledge and consciousness.

The primitive, pre-logical thinking/consciousness is limited to the knowledge of narrow phenomena and objects “here and now” by the intuitive but still reliable universal method of trial and error. It does not have the tools for preserving and accumulating the achievements of its empirical experience, except for the oral transmission of knowledge from o­ne generation to another, before the advent of writing. The fundamental studies of primitive thinking belong to the French philosopher and ethnologist Levy-Bruhl and his followers. They were initiated by the American anthropologist L.G. Morgan.

Mythological thinking arose from the primitive and rose to the level of generalization of observed phenomena to the level and forms of their divine personification, when phenomena incomprehensible in their essence were explained in understandable images of numerous anthropomorphic gods who personified the stability and regularity of these phenomena. Famous researchers of this thinking are Claude Levi-Strauss, Carl Jung, Anatoly Losev, etc.

The scientific, disciplinary thinking (DT) arose from mythological thinking as real facts of separate segments of nature and sectors and branches of society accumulated. They were generalized in the corresponding mental concepts, in which the experience of observing them was recorded and consolidated. The conceptual generalizations ensured the penetration of knowledge into the depths of cause-and-effect relationships and the preservation of knowledge about them in writing in scientific works. The first of these is recognized as Confucius's chronological record of "Springs and Autumns" (Chunqiu), covering the period from 722 to 481 BC. The famous researchers of this thinking are Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Lev Wecker and many others.

It is important for us to emphasize the very fact of the thinking ways evolution, without delving into their depths, in order to understand that it has not stopped and has not ended at the level of the dominant DT today, but has continued, albeit very slowly, for millennia and does not stand still.

Over the last two centuries, starting since the synthetic thinking and pure reason of I. Kant, through the spheres of the production process of A. Smith, through the types/spheres of social production of K. Marx, through the spheres and varnas/spherons of Mahatma Gandhi, through the integral and genetic sociologies of M. Kovalevsky, P. Sorokin, T. Parsons, through the four spheres of society of A. Toffler, through the tetradic macrosocial structures of F. Braudel and P. Bourdieu, through the spherology of P. Sloterdijk, through the theory of everything of N. Rescher, K. Wilber, through the social philosophy of the four spheres and resources of social life in the USSR Marxist tradition from N. Bukharin and N. Kondratyev to V. Rozhin, A. Uledov and V. Barulin, including many others, thinking has been developing towards a new image/way of holistic and transdisciplinary, spheral thinking. The concepts of these and similar thinkers are analyzed in our university manual "Sociology for Pragmatists". SPb. 1999. 376 p: https://peacefromharmony.org/docs/sociologiya-dlya-pragmatikov.pdf  

The nature and society holistic vision is achieved not at the level of fragmentary, sectoral, essentially torn disciplinary thinking (DT), but o­nly at the level of spheral, holistic thinking, which possesses knowledge of such of its constant spheres/parts, without which the whole does not exist and which constitute it always and everywhere, while it exists. Many different thinkers undertook the spontaneous and intuitive attempts of spheral thinking, or a spheral approach to nature and society in the DT era.

Thus, Mahatma Gandhi in his book “My Religion”, 1955, writes about the inseparability and interpenetration of the four spheres of social life: “You cannot divide social, economic, political and purely religious work [spheres] into watertight compartments.” https://www.mkgandhi.org/my_religion/29spheres_of_life.php

One of the first conscious attempts to build the spheral, holistic thinking at the level of macrosociology is undertaken in our book "Spheral approach. Philosophy. Democracy. Market. Man", 1992, In it PHILOSOPHY symbolizes the information sphere, DEMOCRACY - the organizational and political sphere, MARKET - the economic sphere and MAN - the social sphere. Theauthorbegantodevelopspheralthinkingsystematicallysince 1975.

A more detailed general characteristic of spheral thinking is disclosed below and in the Primer subsequent chapters. Now we can build, for initial orientation in the evolution of thinking, the fundamental model of four of its named ways known in the history of humanity. This model illustrates the fact of their continuous evolution in the direction of expanding the objects and methods of cognition in each of them o­n the levels of its generalization from the narrowest to the broadest, holistic, primarily planetary objects.

The model in Fig. 7 reflects the process of a gradual change in the priorities of thinking ways with the preservation of all their acceptable elements at higher levels of thinking.

Fig. 7. Evolution of Humanity's Ways of Thinking

Each way of thinking, within the limits of its capabilities and abilities, created its own, accessible knowledge about the planet as a whole and about the humanity perpetual peace. But their scientific, holistic knowledge is accessible o­nly to spheral thinking, which creates the peace science presented in our primer. The substantial, spheral integrity of knowledge is the main difficulty in comprehending the fundamental feature and unique cognitive superiority of the spheral way of thinking among all others. Without running ahead, here we will limit ourselves to revealing o­nly the general structure and logic of the substantial spheral way of thinking and its key tools.

2. The Spheral Thinking Structure and Logic as a Full Security Condition

The substance, essence, structure and logic of holistic spheral thinking (HST), as well as its language, vocabulary, terminology are determined by its key category "sphere", long ago, since Pythagoras, used in rational thinking. But it remaining undefined for the humanity planetary vision and limited to narrow, disciplinary primarily geometric use. The HST complete substantial structure is constituted by 16 constant social spheres, generalized into four constant spheral groups, which are presented o­n the "Humanity Perpetual Peace Culture" map and are disclosed in detail in the following chapters. The structural order of spheres and their groups in the HST is expressed by its spheral logic, in which the PIOT resources substantial spheres determine the quality, structure and attributes of all other social spheres groups in their following sequence and the shortest list.

1. Resources spheres: People, Information, Organization, Things, abbreviated PIOT.

2. Processes spheres: Production, Distribution, Exchange, Consumption, abbreviated PDEC.

3. Spheres of production/life: Sociosphere, Infosphere, Orgsphere, Technoecosphere (economic), abbreviated SIOT-spheres.

4. Spherons, spheres/parts of the population employed in the production spheres: Sociospheron, Infospheron, Orgspheron, Technospheron, abbreviated SIOT-spherons.

In general, spheral logic is determined by the law of "Equally Necessary Sufficient Spheres" (RNSS) of society in the social dialectical methodology of the whole-parts, which is supplemented by the category of "holons/spheres" to distinguish fundamental, constant parts from sectoral and other transient parts. Each of the 16 societal, fundamental spheres is equally necessary, i.e. among them there are no "primary, generative" and "secondary, derivative", since the absence, "zero" of any of these spheres excludes the life and existence of any social object from an individual and family to a country and humanity. This is verified and proven o­n any social object by means of the corresponding thought experiment. The equal necessity of 16 societal spheres makes them sufficient for the life of an individual/humanity. Therefore, the spheres are special, integral parts "holons" (the term was introduced in the last century by A. Koestler), which are constant and differ from all other parts that arise and die within each sphere of society in its history. But the substantial spheres/holons differ from each other as substantially (PIOT) and functionally (ALL OTHERS) priority that is illustrated in the following chapters.

In the HST structure and logic ensured by the ENSS law, constituting the harmony and nonviolence of social spheres, excluding wars and violence between them, the essence of perpetual peace and its different states in different societies and eras is revealed depending o­n the transient degree of their harmony. The harmony degrees are expressed by the measure, equilibrium, balance and proportion of social spheres in their statistics (below). This is the "Perpetual Peace Science" (PPS) basis, which is most briefly disclosed in our Primer.

In the history of HST, three main stages of its emergence within DT can be distinguished.

The first stage is dispersion, including scattered spheral cognitive achievements, starting since Pythagoras and the like in different civilizations of humanity over the past almost 3 thousand years, the most important of which are considered in our Primer.

The second stage is axial, opening the "second axial time" in the formation of HST, the beginning of which can be attributed to I. Kant's "Perpetual Peace" based o­n a constant social nature and the corresponding cognitive spheral achievements considered or mentioned in our Primer.

The third stage is integrative or systemic; it opens by the PPS, uniting in synergy all known and accessible spheral achievements of the HST formation past stages, considered in our Primer. Of course, this is o­nly the first scientific attempt to analyze the HST formation still very far from perfect. Itstillhaseverythingahead!

The structural harmony spheral logic of the peace science constitutes the first, substantial instrument of spheral thinking, ensuring the creation of all its other instruments, which are considered in the following chapters.

The spheral science and thinking spontaneous formation within disciplinary science and thinking began long ago, since Pythagoras. Although the laws of their formation in spherical logic have not yet been studied, they are implicitly expressed in the interdisciplinary research processes, which have become a priority in our time and will inevitably be crowned with the recognition and use of HST and its peace science. This is the main real channel for the HST birth and formation of its science in and from DT. The superiority of HST is ensured by its holistic, substantial integration in interdisciplinary research, while DT is limited and provides o­nly a narrow, mechanical connection of its fragmentary parts, DS.

The HST formation was embodied in the spheral achievements of the humanity geniuses, which remained misunderstood in history: the Pythagoras “Spheres Harmony” (6th century BC), the Kepler “World Harmony” (16th century AD), the Gandhi “Varnas/Spherons”, the Vernadsky, Chardin and Leroy “Noosphere”, the Sloterdijk “Spherology” (20th century) and other “paradoxical and crazy” examples by the narrow DT standards. "On the shoulders" of these geniuses, by means of synergistic integration of their enduring achievements and truths, the spheral "PPS" is being built, primarily in the GGHA in the last 20 years. Their paradoxical nature and "madness" for traditional DT was best expressed by Vladimir Vernadsky: spheral thinking is "not a crisis that excites weak souls, but the greatest turning point in the thought of humanity, occurring o­nly o­nce in millennia." HST is the birth and the next, fundamental Rubicon of a new, better future, with a scientifically conscious perpetual peace of Kant as the humanity full security in our century o­n the basis of harmonious, nonviolent spheres and consciously embodying them spherons, which is revealed in the following chapters.

It is the HST with its integrity and peacefulness that constitutes the highest superiority of homo sapiens among all forms of planetary life, embodied in the corresponding civilization. It is inaccessible to DT, which is neither capable of shaking HST nor of mastering its key law of ENSS and its spheral substance in all its planetary truth. This is an indisputable historical fact. But it is capable, through interdisciplinary research, of finding equal integration with it as its indisputable base of disciplinary data accumulated in it over millennia.

3. Integration of the religious faith truths and the spheral thinking science

The religious faith and its highest moral values ​​are unacceptable, do not fit in and contradict o­nly the DT, fragmented today in 75 thousand DS, but they do not contradict and are related in their integrity to the peace science. The religious values/truths, tested over thousands of years, constitute a necessary attribute of the HST and its peace science, overcoming the long confrontation of religion with traditional, disciplinary thinking/science, the narrowness and fragmentation of which was unable to accommodate the integrity of God. In the peace science, religion and science complement and strengthen each other, ensure their more effective development and the social significance of both, weakened in both by their opposition and confrontation. Their cognitive complement is that the peace science subject is limited to planet Earth in its spatio-temporal framework of the Universe, and the subject of faith is God, eternal and infinite in the space and time of His creation of the Universe spheres devoid of such boundaries. Therefore, the peace science like any science, is limited in its subject and requires the necessary cognitive supplement of faith in God as the creator of the Universe spheres, including the Earth planetary spheres. Any part cannot exist outside the laws of the whole, neglect of which threatens this part with destruction for internal and external reasons.

If the Earth planet and its Solar system in Universe are parts of His absolute, eternal creation, inaccessible to the limited in space and time knowledge of human that was noted by Kant, then it is extremely short-sighted and presumptuous for branch science and DT to deny faith and reject cooperation with religion o­nly o­n the grounds that their truths are too narrow and shallow for the Universe spheres. The faith infinite truths do not have and cannot have confirmation by always finite scientific facts, but they are confirmed by the many thousands of years of experience of humanity each world religion and cannot be discounted from human knowledge and zeroed out in it. If DT and its sciences, due to their narrowness and fragmentation, are powerless to recognize and use the truths of faith, then HST and its perpetual peace science are adequate to both the recognition and use of the truths of religious faith. The first of them is the "Golden Rule" of all religions, affirming the nations perpetual peace, with the analysis of which both our peace science and its Primer begin in the first chapter.

The disunity and hostility of science and religion practically nullify their fundamental peacemaking ability, the voice of which in strengthening peace, in the search for its new forms and instruments is either very weak as in pacifism or completely inaudible and silent especially in science.

Therefore, moral values ​​and maxims of religions constitute a necessary component of HST and its peace science. As a result, spheral scientists remain believers, moreover, consciously and convinced believers in their science. As well as believers, but not in their narrow DN, but in their holistic worldview were all large-scale scientists of the past in the humanity entire history. They exclude any atheism as a vice, especially the violent and terrorist "militant atheism" of permissiveness, destroying religious temples and clergy as the DT crime. They reject atheistic permissiveness as a common enemy of all religions and humane science. They are incompatible with the "Godlessness of Science", which opens a loophole for fake, confrontational and militaristic DN, which is well revealed in the previously mentioned book and article by Mark Keenan "Godless Fake Science" (https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1255). Such disciplinary science leads and provokes the Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations", while a holistic, spheral peace science with the religious truths of God, His love and harmony leads to strengthening peace between religions, to strengthening their peacemaking and scientific justification of their ecumenism. o­nly HST and its peace science are capable of proving and embodying Einstein's great truth that "science without religion is lame [limited, narrow and "godless"], religion without science is blind [does not see the scientific instruments of its strengthening]". The idea of ​​the necessary connection, complementarity and mutual mediation of religious faith and science is expressed by the innovative phenomenal philosophy and theology of Teilhard de Chardin.

Many modern thinkers, for example, the American philosopher Ken Wilber in his integral approach (https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1234), speak about the need for an alliance and "seamless integration of religious tradition with modern science". The peace science is integral into the highest degree, therefore it has the highest abilities and competencies for cooperation with religions based o­n spheral thinking from God. This is illustrated in detail in our 2021 collective article with Professor, Nobel laureate D. Avery and other coauthors of the GGHA: “Spherons: Nonlinear Sociogenetic Reality And Verified Truth Of The Spheronics Megascience” (https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1019). Here the peace science spheral axiology together with the religious values ​​of God, His peace, love, truth and morality is revealed that is illustrated in Figure 8, albeit in the first approximation, far from perfection, but expressing the unity of faith with the science of the world.

Fig. 8. The Spherons Axiology in Perpetual Peace Science.

Many scholars have written about the pervasive and inspiring role of religion in all spheres of social life, but perhaps the genius of nonviolence and luminary of spheral thinking Mahatma Gandhi, whose spherons are dedicated to a special chapter ahead, did it best. In the book “My Religion”, he writes that the religious sphere and its ahimsa, nonviolence, permeate all four spheres of public life: https://www.mkgandhi.org/my_religion/29spheres_of_life.php.

“Religion to pervade all spheres of life. The whole gamut of man's activities today constitutes an indivisible whole. You cannot divide social, economic, political and purely religious work into watertight compartments.. … [Religious] ahimsa [nonviolence] is the attribute of the soul, and therefore, to be practised by everybody in all the affairs of life. If it cannot be practised in all departments, it has no practical value.” Further, he considers it in the social sphere - https://www.mkgandhi.org/my_religion/30social_sphere.php. In the economic sphere - https://www.mkgandhi.org/my_religion/31economic_sphere.php. In the political sphere - https://www.mkgandhi.org/my_religion/32political_sphere.php. He unites all of them o­n their common, religious denominator of God as the supreme creator of social life all spheres.

Therefore, in the HST culture of perpetual peace, in contrast to the DT and its 75 thousand disciplines, religious faith and scientific spheral knowledge/truths are inseparable that constitutes its highest dignity and will ensure in the future its practical universal embodiment by humanity. It will be identical to the implementation of complete security of all nations without exception, inaccessible to the past millennia of the DT and its militarism until now.

The Chapter for discussion and editing prepared by:

Leo Semashko

https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=253

12-06-25

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Spheral thinking + faith = full security

Dear peacemakers-coauthors,

We are happy to send for your consideration Chapter 4 "Spheral way of Scientific Thinking in the Cognition Evolution" 7 pages of our Primer. It is published in 2 languages ​​on the website here:

In Russian: https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=ru_c&key=1125

In English: https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=1273

And in the attachment.

With peace and love,

Leo Semashko

12-06-25

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Dear Leo:

Thank you so very much forChapter 4.- “Spheral way of Scientific Thinking in the Cognition Evolution. Conscious Path of Perpetual Peace for Full Security.” Excellent conclusion. I agree with all of it. I hope it can be understood by all peace-loving people. You did your best to make it understandable by all who can read.

In Solidarity, your Rudi from the House of Mir, USA

https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=51

12-06-25

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Уважаемый Лукас, я выражаю искренние соболезнование по поводу трагической гибели десяти детей в гимназии австрийского города Грац. Десять невинных душ! Это страшная трагедия для родителей и нет тех слов, которыми можно было облегчить их боль и страдания. Это мне очень хорошо понятно после нашей, недавней, в марте трагедии - потере двух наших девочек в пожаре...

Царство Божие им и всем погибшим детям!

Меня очень тронуло ваше личное отношение к этой трагедии, ваше неравнодушие и ваше стремление к изменению самого общества, в целях сохранения таких беззащитных, хрупких детских жизней и предотвращения их гибели, чему служит наша, от Бога, "Наука вечного мира". Мы, ГГСГ, восхищаемся вашей самоотверженной, волонтерской помощью семьям погибших и пострадавших детей. Мы молимся за вас и за их души. Они всегда будут с нами, пока мы помним о них.

С Богом и вечным миром народов!

Вера Попович

https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=ru_c&key=578

Россия

13-06-25

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Dear Leo and peacemakers,

Accidents kill people, adults and children. The o­nly we can do is to send our sympathy to victims’ families.

A new war started today. And now what? We are facing a new type of world war. Dangerous wars in many places of our planet, where high technology weapons are invented and used. Their affects against humanity and environment, are warning us for our next day future.

Which will be our reaction GGHA as an organization, which acted in all wars, happened in our 20 years of existence and creations?

With respect and love to all

Panagiotis -Takis D Ioannides

Co-founder, Vice president of GGHA

https://peacefromharmony.org/?cat=en_c&key=138

Greece

13-06-25

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Therefore, to solve them, as Einstein emphasized: "We must require [search, create] a substantially new manner of thinking IF HUMANITY WANTS TO SURVIVE." But, apparently, no o­ne wants to survive for 75 years, ignoring Einstein's question. No o­ne wants to understand this philosophical, epistemological question for 75 years, neither the UN, nor UNESCO, nor all the world Academies of Sciences taken together, nor world leaders etc. None of them have held a single world scientific conference with similar agenda during this time. None of the scientists or philosophers have written a single book or article o­n this topic during this time, etc. Therefore, wars have been going o­n for thousands of years and will continue until a "substantially new", holistic and planetary thinking is found/created, o­ne for all humanity, as our planet is o­ne, our single common home and our single family of reasonable (but not yet enough) nations, to exclude a fundamental, mental confrontation between them. The planet and humanity are o­ne, therefore their scientific truth can be o­nLY o­nE! But disciplinary thinking is blind to all planetary problems, just like "blind men before elephant", feeling it, but not understanding it, from an ancient Indian parable.

We, GGHA, from the very beginning, since 2005, refused to be blind and for 20 years, by more than 700 coauthors from more than 50 countries, with the participation of five Nobel laureates and the President of India Abdul Kalam, created the systemic core of this holistic, spheral, “substantially new manner/way of thinking.” It is presented in our 11 books and more than 1,500 articles, projects, messages and appeals to almost all world organizations, academies and almost all world leaders who remained deaf for 20 years.

Now, as the final crown of our work for 20 years, we are creating the "Peace Science Primer" (PSP) with the shortest, 50-60 pages, exposition of the spheral, "substantially new thinking" basics. Therefore, read its chapters, the fourth of which I am attaching you again. Obviously, you do not read them. They chew over the same answer of ours. Why do not you try to read them and try to understand this thinking? Why do not you try to ask the necessary questions to understand it? WHAT is not clear to you in it for 20 years???? WHAT???? Are you able to formulate it? How much longer do you need to chew over the GGHA single answer for 20 years?

If you do not read, delve into and discuss our spheral ideas, developing the ideas of Einstein, Gandhi, Kennedy, King and other geniuses of peacemaking, as is it typical for the modern world establishment, which has buried all of them taken together, as if they were smarter than them, then you, like them, will leave yourself o­nly o­ne path - war. Without mental efforts, you will never understand our, GGHA's o­ne answer, following Einstein - master the "substantially new", spheral, holistic - planetary thinking and worldview in order to put an end to wars.

With hope for understanding, with God and peoples perpetual peace on the Peace Science basis in "substantially new", holistic, spheral thinking,

Leo Semashko,

14-06-25

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